So, why is a computer router a little bit more robust than the standard stuff you see at the store? That’s simple: You have the ability to actually use more robust software on a computer, unlike a typical cheaper router that may come with a configuration utility and basic firewall. No, with a computer you can install and use some really good packet filtering software, and configure it exactly how you like it. These are mostly Unix or Linux computers; Windows is not good for this sort of application, so I wouldn’t even try it.
Now, you really don’t need to go all-out here. Computer network routers are typically created with cheaper computers that don’t cost much to acquire and operate. You don’t need something with a dual core, here. Heck, many of these routers are run on simple 300 MHz machines, which can easily be bought for $50 on the used market. Don’t even worry about buying refurbished laptops or computers; the warranty doesn’t really matter. All that matters is that it can turn on and actually run a stable operating system. Typically loading up Linux or Unix will take care of the stability issue; as long as the computer will actually run for a period of time, you’re all set.
The best computer routers don’t have much to them. No USB interface, no real peripherals, and most of the time, not even a monitor. You really don’t need one. You can simply telnet or ssh into the router to do any configuration that you need. This is preferable; you don’t want this router to be bogged down with unnecessary stuff. All you need it to do is filter packets and that’s it. You can do that easily with something low-powered.
I don’t want to go into the rest of the technical information here; I just wanted to give you the basics before you start your project. Good luck!
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